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segunda-feira, 11 de junho de 2018
«Encontro-me actualmente em Bahía Blanca, contratado pela Universidade do Sul, para organizar um Instituto de Matemática, uma licenciatura e um doctorado em Mat. (…) Para vir para aqui renunciei a um posto de professor titular em Buenos Aires, a outro em La Plata, que tinha ganhado por concurso, e também recusei um contrato para Chile… (…) Estamos aqui sem professores, porque todos os professores argentinos preferem B. Aires a qualquer outra Univ. do País.» – excerto de carta de António Aniceto Monteiro para Hugo Ribeiro, de 21 de Fevereiro de 1958
domingo, 10 de junho de 2018
«Este Instituto [de Matemática] é hoje uma realidade feliz, depois de quatro anos de trabalho. (…) Em Julho realiza-se o 2º Symposium latino-americano de matemática (em Mendoza) organizado pela Unesco. (…) Haverá uma revista ACTA CUYANA DE MATEMÁTICA e umas NOTAS DE MATEMÁTICA (apuntes mimeografados).» – excerto de carta de António Aniceto Monteiro para Hugo Ribeiro, de 27 de Abril de 1954
Gutierrez: talvez seja Mario Gutierrez Burzaco
sábado, 9 de junho de 2018
«Pede-me para lhe mandar notícias do Instituto de Mendoza. Creio agora que este Instituto de Matemática será uma realidade dentro de pouco tempo. Foram convidados vários matemáticos argentinos que aceitaram o convite para integrarem o pessoal docente do Instituto. Em primeiro lugar o Mischa Cotlar será o director.» – excerto de carta de António Aniceto Monteiro para Hugo Ribeiro, de 29 de Junho de 1953
Gutierrez: talvez seja Mario Gutierrez Burzaco
sábado, 21 de abril de 2007
Helena Rasiowa (Vienna, June 20, 1917 - Warsaw, August 9, 1994)
Helena Rasiowa * Curriculum Vitae * Algebraic Logic * Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science * BibliographyHelena Rasiowa
[PDF] A Tribute to Professor Helena Rasiowa
Rasiowa summary * Full MacTutor biography
Helena Rasiowa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Eminent visitors were frequently seen at Monteiro’s Institute. Jean Porte gave an advanced course on mathematical logic and mechanical calculations based on his recent lectures at the Institute Poincaré in Paris; David Mackinson discussed modal Logic; Alan Rose advanced topics in Logic; H. Bauer representation problems in Analysis; Paulo Ribenboim ordered groups; Kiyoshi Iseki topological vector spaces; George Alexits gave master classes on topics of trigonometric series which resulted in a beautiful set of notes which was printed twice. The Institute received the influence of the Polish school of Logic through two of its main exponents of that time: Helena Rasiowa and Roman Sikorski. Many other visitors from abroad or from other Argentinian universities gave courses, short series of lectures or seminars.
[De] Eduardo L. Ortiz: Professor António Monteiro and contemporary mathematics in Argentina.
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Invita al Instituto a destacados matemáticos de ese momento. Los primeros en llegar fueron dos profesores de la escuela polaca de lógica: Helena Rasiowa y Roman Sikorski, en 1958. Makoto Itoh y Paulo Ribenboim en 1959, Georges Alexits (Budapest), Jean Porte, Federico Gaeta y Orlando Villamayor en 1960 y Mischa Cotlar y Kiyoshi Iseki, en 1963.
[De] E. Fernández Stacco: António A. Monteiro (31/05/1907-29/10/80).
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De 1958 a 1974 visitaram o Instituto, apesar das diversas dificuldades, para dar cursos e/ou conferências aproximadamente 60 Professores, entre eles: R. Sikorski, H. Rasiowa, A. Diego, O. Dodera, M. Itoh, P. Ribenboim, O. E. Villamayor, G. Alexits, J. Porte, F. Gaeta, M. Tourasse Teixeira, J. Dieudonné, R. L. Gomes, E. Zarantonello, W. Damköler , M. Cotlar, K. Iseki, B. Vauquois, E. Oklander, L. Santaló, E. Roxin, L. Cesari, P. Révész, A. Rose, J. C. Boussard, A. Micali, N. da Costa, D. Makinson, E. Gentile, E. García Camarero, H. Bauer, C. Segovia, R. Panzone, A. Benedek, E. Ortiz, J. Tirao, M. Auslander, H. Bass, C. Wall, M. Harada, E. Cabaña, I. Vincze, os quais cobriram uma ampla gama de especialidades dentro da matemática. Isto mostra a preocupação de António Monteiro por um desenvolvimento integral da matemática em Bahía Blanca, e não somente pelos temas que particularmente estudava. Alguns de estes Professores ficaram definitivamente em Bahía Blanca, e outros ficaram por um certo tempo.
[De] Luiz F. Monteiro: Contribuição Matemática do Professor Dr. António A. R. Monteiro.
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El interés de Monteiro en álgebra de la lógica se acrecienta después de la visita de Helena Rasiowa y Roman Sikorski a Bahía Blanca en 1958. Durante esta visita Rasiowa expuso sobre los sistemas algebraicos correspondientes a la lógica constructiva con negación fuerte considerada por David Nelson. Estas álgebras fueron llamadas N-lattices o álgebras casi-seudo-booleanas por Rasiowa y posteriormente, álgebras de Nelson por Monteiro. Una estructura subyacente a las álgebras de Nelson son las álgebras de De Morgan (o álgebras casi booleanas en la nomenclatura de Rasiowa).
[De] Roberto Cignoli: La Obra Matemática de António Monteiro.
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Throughout the study of Boolean and Heyting algebras, Monteiro became interested in the algebraic aspects of logic, this interest having been aroused by direct contact with Roman - Sikorski and Helena Rasiowa when they visited Bahía Blanca in 1958. Monteiro applied his mathematical experience to the study of algebraic systems related to non-classical logics. He was convinced that the algebraic methods in logic would have important technological applications in the future, as a consequence of the development of computers. In view of such prospective applications, he tried to use finitistic and combinatorial methods in studying classes of algebras, whenever possible.
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In the same vein, he determined the structure of the finite De Morgan and Nelson algebras. Monteiro investigated in depth the structure of Nelson algebras (introduced by H. Rasiowa as the algebraic counterparts of the constructive logic with strong negation considered by Nelson and Markhoff), and he proved that the class of semi-simple Nelson algebras coincides with the class of algebras corresponding to three-valued Lukasiewicz logics. Thus he showed that, from the algebraic point of view, the three-valued Lukasiewicz logic stands in the same relation to constructive logic with strong negation as classical logic does to intuitionistic logic.
[De] Roberto Cignoli: Antonio Monteiro, 1907-1980.
quinta-feira, 19 de abril de 2007
Mischa Cotlar (Sarney, Ucrania, agosto de 1913 - Buenos Aires, Argentina, 16 de enero de 2007)
Mischa Cotlar em Chicago, 1952
Mischa Cotlar
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[PDF] Mischa, mi maestro
San Juan había sido desvastada por un terremoto unos pocos años antes, y a la llegada de Monteiro con su esposa y sus dos hijos, aún no estaba totalmente reconstruida. Otra vez se dedica intensamente al desarrollo de la matemática. Aparte de sus importantes investigaciones sobre las propiedades aritméticas de los espacios topológicos y de la modernización del curso de Análisis Matemático que dictaba, transmitió su entusiasmo al rector de la Universidad para la creación de un Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas, DIC, destinado a la investigación y a la formación de investigadores en las ciencias básicas. Esta especie de “escuela de graduados” fue una idea innovadora en la estructura de las universidades argentinas de la época. En el Instituto de Matemática del DIC se formaron varios destacados matemáticos argentinos. También fundó la "Revista Matemática Cuyana” donde aparecieron publicados los importantes trabajos de Cotlar sobre transformada de Hilbert y teoría ergódica. Estando en la Universidad de Princeton a comienzo de los 70, y al saber la bibliotecaria que yo era argentino, me dijo que estaba preocupada porque tenían sólo dos volúmenes de esa revista, y que sus pedidos a lo largo de los años a la Universidad de Cuyo para continuar la colección habían sido infructuosos. Se quedó muy sorprendida cuando le respondí que tenían la colección completa. Efectivamente, los avatares políticos de la Argentina llevaron a la disolución del DIC en 1957, y a la suspensión de la publicación de la revista. Mischa Cotlar, que fue director del Instituto de Matemática, cuenta en una entrevista reproducida en esta fotobiografía, la breve historia del DIC y la decisiva influencia de Monteiro en su creación.
[De] Roberto Cognoli: (do Prefacio a) António Aniceto Monteiro - uma fotobiografia a várias vozes, una fotobiografía a varias voces.
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The Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas, known as the D.I.C., was created in 1951 and the project included a Mathematics Research Institute. The Institute was established in Mendoza and Dr. Mischa Cotlar, who had just returned from the University of Chicago, having moved from the University of Buenos Aires, was placed in charge of it.
...
Besides Cotlar, the main research workers of this group were Eduardo Zarantonello, who was at the time working on a now classic book on theoretical hydrodynamics co-authored by G. Birkhoff; the German mathematician Dietrich Völker, well known for his work on integral transforms; topologist Rodolfo Ricabarra; logicians Gregorio Klimovsky and Jorge Bosch; algebraist Villamayor (who moved from San Juan); statistician and probabilist Fausto I. Toranzos; O. Varsavsky, with interests in several areas; complex analyst Yanny Frenkel (Cotlar's wife), and a few others. Some of them were there permanently, others commuted.
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A new mathematics journal, Revista Matemática Cuyana, began publication in 1955, edited by M. Cotlar, E. Zarantonello and A. Monteiro, and, later on, also by Júlio Rey Pastor who at the time was in San Luis. It published papers by Cotlar, Ricabarra, Varsavsky, Zarantonello, S. Sispanov, Monteiro (all in the Cuyo area) as well as by W. Blaschke, A. Winther and N. Wiener.
In 1954 UNESCO sponsored a meeting of Latin American mathematicians which was held in Mendoza. Among others, Alberto Cal-derón, Leopoldo Nachbin, Mischa Cotlar and António Monteiro read substantial papers. Rey Pastor summed up the contributions in a paper titled: «La Matemática Moderna en Latino América», where he makes sharp observations on the state of Mathematics in the region, He also discusses the contents of the main papers.
In 1954 UNESCO sponsored a meeting of Latin American mathematicians which was held in Mendoza. Among others, Alberto Cal-derón, Leopoldo Nachbin, Mischa Cotlar and António Monteiro read substantial papers. Rey Pastor summed up the contributions in a paper titled: «La Matemática Moderna en Latino América», where he makes sharp observations on the state of Mathematics in the region, He also discusses the contents of the main papers.
[De] Eduardo L. Ortiz: Professor António Monteiro and contemporary mathematics in Argentina.
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Mainly through the strong pressure of its student population, the University of Buenos Aires remained for 11 years, from 1955, under an enlighted progressive leadership of variable denomination.
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In my view, the main factors that contributed to the rapid success of the exact sciences in Buenos Aires in that period were: i) the incorporation of Mischa Cotlar and some other leading mathematicians who were before in the D.I.C.; ii) the ability to recapture many mathematicians and physicists originally in Buenos Aires’ University, who from 1952 had gradually moved to the Commission of Atomic Energy on account of an increasingly tense atmosphere as the Faculty of Science was in the hands of authorities not directly interested in the achievement of cultural objectives; and iii) the return of Argentine scientists trained in more advanced institutions abroad, who contributed with many new ideas and attitudes.
[De] Eduardo L. Ortiz: Professor António Monteiro and contemporary mathematics in Argentina.
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Entre 1957 y 1964 [António Monteiro] dirige el Instituto por varios períodos, todos ellos breves. Otra de las características de Monteiro fue la de no ocupar cargos directivos, que le correspondían por jerarquía. Trataba de orientar sus energías en cuestiones generalmente más útiles, como la organización, la investigación y la dirección de sus discípulos.
Invita al Instituto a destacados matemáticos de ese momento. Los primeros en llegar fueron dos profesores de la escuela polaca de lógica: Helena Rasiowa y Roman Sikorski, en 1958. Makoto Itoh y Paulo Ribenboim en 1959, Georges Alexits (Budapest), Jean Porte, Federico Gaeta y Orlando Villamayor en 1960 y Mischa Cotlar y Kiyoshi Iseki, en 1963.
[De] E. Fernández Stacco: António A. Monteiro (31/05/1907-29/10/80).
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De 1958 a 1974 visitaram o Instituto, apesar das diversas dificuldades, para dar cursos e/ou conferências aproximadamente 60 Professores, entre eles: R. Sikorski, H. Rasiowa, A. Diego, O. Dodera, M. Itoh, P. Ribenboim, O. E. Villamayor, G. Alexits, J. Porte, F. Gaeta, M. Tourasse Teixeira, J. Dieudonné, R. L. Gomes, E. Zarantonello, W. Damköler , M. Cotlar, K. Iseki, B. Vauquois, E. Oklander, L. Santaló, E. Roxin, L. Cesari, P. Révész, A. Rose, J. C. Boussard, A. Micali, N. da Costa, D. Makinson, E. Gentile, E. García Camarero, H. Bauer, C. Segovia, R. Panzone, A. Benedek, E. Ortiz, J. Tirao, M. Auslander, H. Bass, C. Wall, M. Harada, E. Cabaña, I. Vincze, os quais cobriram uma ampla gama de especialidades dentro da matemática. Isto mostra a preocupação de António Monteiro por um desenvolvimento integral da matemática em Bahía Blanca, e não somente pelos temas que particularmente estudava. Alguns de estes Professores ficaram definitivamente em Bahía Blanca, e outros ficaram por um certo tempo.
[De] Luiz F. Monteiro: Contribuição Matemática do Professor Dr. António A. R. Monteiro.
terça-feira, 17 de abril de 2007
Garrett Birkhoff (January 19, 1911, Princeton, New Jersey, USA – November 22, 1996, Water Mill, New York, USA)
Birkhoff_Garrett summary * Birkhoff_Garrett biographyGarrett Birkhoff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Garrett Birkhoff
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En esa época [1936-1945] Monteiro también se familiariza con los trabajos de Garrett Birkhoff sobre teoría de los reticulados y álgebra universal, de Marshall Stone sobre la representación topológica de álgebras de Boole y reticulados distributivos y de Henry Wallman sobre la compactación de espacios topológicos, los que tendrán una influencia decisiva para el futuro de sus investigaciones.
[De] Roberto Cignoli: La Obra Matemática de António Monteiro.
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"Applications des fonctions assymptotiquement presque périodiques au théorème ergodique de Birkhoff" (conferência de Maurice Fréchet em Lisboa em 1942).
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Ninguém me apresentou ou sugeriu Caraça. Encontrei-o por acaso, num alfarrábio em Fortaleza, sob a forma de um livro com páginas ainda dobradas. Chamava-se “Licões de Álgebra e Análise”, vol. 1. Algum aficionado certamente o comprara pelo título ou ganhara-o de presente, e se desfizera dele, desapontado pelo primeiro contacto com seu conteúdo. Exatamente esse estranho índice e os inesperados conceitos que vislumbrei nas páginas expostas entre os cadernos dobrados é que me fascinaram. Comprei o livro e, por meio dele, me iniciei no mundo dos conjuntos, números transfinitos, números naturais, inteiros, reais e complexos, todos construídos passo a passo. Caraça era meu único professor, meu guia. Um aspecto interessante do livro eram as indicacões bibliográficas comentadas, no fim de cada capítulo. Devido a elas, encomendei “Pure Mathematics” de Hardy e “Survey of Modern Algebra” de Birkhoff-MacLane a uma livraria no Rio. Junto com os livros, veio um catálogo no qual estavam a monografia “Filtros e Ideais” de Monteiro e a “Aritmética Racional”, que ele escreveu junto com J. Silva Paulo.
[De] Elon Lages Lima: Impressões sobre António Aniceto Monteiro .
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Besides Cotlar, the main research workers of this group [Mathematics Research Institute, Mendoza, Argentina] were Eduardo Zarantonello, who was at the time working on a now classic book on theoretical hydrodynamics co-authored by G. Birkhoff; the German mathematician Dietrich Völker, well known for his work on integral transforms; topologist Rodolfo Ricabarra; logicians Gregorio Klimovsky and Jorge Bosch; algebraist Villamayor (who moved from San Juan); statistician and probabilist Fausto I. Toranzos; O. Varsavsky, with interests in several areas; complex analyst Yanny Frenkel (Cotlar's wife), and a few others. Some of them were there permanently, others commuted.
[De] Eduardo L. Ortiz: Professor António Monteiro and contemporary mathematics in Argentina.
*
In 1968 Monteiro read a paper on generators of distributive lattices, a topic suggested by a telecommunications problem, at a Panamerican mathematical meeting held in Buenos Aires. G. Birkhoff, who was at the meeting, praised Monteiro’s work.
[De] Eduardo L. Ortiz: Professor António Monteiro and contemporary mathematics in Argentina.
*
En 1968 Monteiro participa del Congreso Panamericano de Matemática, realizado en Buenos Aires, donde presenta un trabajo sobre generadores de reticulados distributivos, que fue elogiado por Garret Birkhoff, presente en el Congreso.
[De] E. Fernández Stacco: António A. Monteiro (31/05/1907-29/10/80).
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Em 1968, durante o Congreso Panamericano de Matemática, realizado em Buenos Aires apresentou um trabalho sobre Reticulados Distributivos, que foi elogiado pelo Professor Garret Birkhoff, que assistiu a esse Congresso. Muitas vezes pedi-lhe que redigisse esse trabalho, mas a sua resposta era há muitas coisas que só tenho na minha cabeça e que não estão escritas. Em 1998 baseando-me em notas redigidas por ele, necessariamente incompletas, redigi esse trabalho que só foi publicado até agora numa coleção de circulação interna do Instituto de Matemática.
[De] Luiz F. Monteiro: Contribuição Matemática do Professor Dr. António A. R. Monteiro.
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Monteiro se abocó al estudio de estas álgebras, que son reticulados distributivos con ciertas operaciones adicionales. Extendiendo resultados de Birkhoff para reticulados distributivos finitos, dio una representación de las álgebras de De Morgan finitas por medio de conjuntos parcialmente ordenados finitos dotados con un antiisomorfismo involutivo [M27], [M29]. Por medio de esta representación, obtuvo un método para la construcción de matrices no regulares para el cálculo proposicional clásico, resolviendo así un problema planteado por Alonzo Church [M27]. Tanto en el caso de las álgebras de De Morgan como en el de las de Nelson, para obtener los resultados deseados investiga las propiedades aritméticas del reticulado subyacente.
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Por ejemplo, fuera de su línea central de investigación en álgebra de 1a lógica, Monteiro presentó en un Simposio Panamericano de Matemática Aplicada realizado en Buenos Aires en 1968 el trabajo «Generadores de reticulados distributivos finitos», que fue muy elogiado por Garrett Birkhoff, presente en la exposición del mismo. Lamentablemente solo está publicado el resumen [M37]. Luiz Monteiro está actualmente editando los correspondientes manuscritos, para publicados en un próximo volumen de las Notas de Lógica [publicado en 1998 [M48]].
[De] Roberto Cignoli: La Obra Matemática de António Monteiro.
domingo, 1 de abril de 2007
Alberto P. Calderón (1920-1998)

Alberto P. Calderón - Unión Matemática Argentina (UMA) - Discurso del Dr. Eduardo Zarantonello. UMA- Rosario, 22 de setiembre de 2000.Mathematician Alberto Calderón, 1920-1998 - University of Chicago
Winners of the National Medal of Science - University of Chicago
[PDF] Alberto Pedro Calderon 1920--1998 - AMS
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"In March 1975, invoking anti-terrorist legislation, one of these rapidly changing «interventores» sacked Emeritus Professor António Monteiro from the Universidad del Sur, in Bahía Blanca. It was prohibited for him to enter University premises.
The impact of this action was extraordinary. Outside Argentina it was difficult to understand it. All who knew him were aware of his lifelong opposition to the regime of Salazar in Portugal, which in the end made him and several others leave Portugal. His opposition stemmed from very high moral standards and a deep sense of justice, which lead him to hold socialist views he never abandoned and to have a lifelong rejection of violence. He was not a political man, but with a high sense of honour, was never a courtesan of those in power.
It was difficult to see how a country that had received so much from such an eminent scientist could behave in this irresponsible manner.
The reaction in Argentina was one of shock. Professor Alberto P. Calderón and three other eminent mathematicians requested the «interventor» of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, en Buenos Aires, to invite Monteiro, who was not a sponsored member, to join it at the highest rank. The generous letter, dated April 21 (and enlarged on April 24) points to the outstanding contributions of Monteiro to Argentina’s science and indicates that «…he continues to be the soul of the Department, which was his own creation» (4).
Monteiro did receive support from the Consejo for a period. At times his financial situation was far from good. I remember that in one of my visits to him, after he was separated from the University, I estimated his pension, which in rapidly inflating pesos did not mean very much to me, at the equivalent of a few kilograms of coffee a month.
Unfortunately there were even more serious problems for him. Monteiro was deeply worried about Luiz, his son and his dedicated disciple in Mathematical Logic. Luiz was being kept in detention without a charge. Fortunately he was released after some months, after strong pressures on the government, when it became clear that there was nothing on which he could be charged".
The impact of this action was extraordinary. Outside Argentina it was difficult to understand it. All who knew him were aware of his lifelong opposition to the regime of Salazar in Portugal, which in the end made him and several others leave Portugal. His opposition stemmed from very high moral standards and a deep sense of justice, which lead him to hold socialist views he never abandoned and to have a lifelong rejection of violence. He was not a political man, but with a high sense of honour, was never a courtesan of those in power.
It was difficult to see how a country that had received so much from such an eminent scientist could behave in this irresponsible manner.
The reaction in Argentina was one of shock. Professor Alberto P. Calderón and three other eminent mathematicians requested the «interventor» of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, en Buenos Aires, to invite Monteiro, who was not a sponsored member, to join it at the highest rank. The generous letter, dated April 21 (and enlarged on April 24) points to the outstanding contributions of Monteiro to Argentina’s science and indicates that «…he continues to be the soul of the Department, which was his own creation» (4).
Monteiro did receive support from the Consejo for a period. At times his financial situation was far from good. I remember that in one of my visits to him, after he was separated from the University, I estimated his pension, which in rapidly inflating pesos did not mean very much to me, at the equivalent of a few kilograms of coffee a month.
Unfortunately there were even more serious problems for him. Monteiro was deeply worried about Luiz, his son and his dedicated disciple in Mathematical Logic. Luiz was being kept in detention without a charge. Fortunately he was released after some months, after strong pressures on the government, when it became clear that there was nothing on which he could be charged".
Retirado de Professor António Monteiro and contemporary mathematics in Argentina, por Eduardo L. Ortiz.
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Os três outros eminentes matemáticos, de que fala E. L. Ortiz, foram A. González Domínguez, L. A. Santaló e O. E. Villamayor. Sobre este texto de E. L. Ortiz ver:
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